The source of a great deal of pain: the disks. The intervertebral discs located between each vertebra are elastic structures that act as springs and shock absorbers and allow the vertebrae to move. If the disks begin to thin out, the joints of the spinal column will begin to wear down over the long term and the nerve root canals will begin to narrow. Changes such as these lead to painful nerve root irritations and an aching back due to muscle tension. Sometimes the pain will radiate towards the buttocks and the upper leg – the term lumbago is used if the pain is sharp and sudden.

Powerful pain relievers are helpful for this condition in its acute stage, as is bed rest. Back bandages may also be effective, and the patient should begin physical therapy right away.

In its advanced stages, wear and tear can cause the cartilaginous fiber ring surrounding the disc to tear, allowing the disc itself to escape and put pressure on the spinal cord and nerve roots. The result is extremely painful tension in the back muscles making movement almost impossible. This pain can likewise radiate down into the buttocks and legs, causing neurological disorders such as paresthesia and paralysis. An X-ray should be taken of the affected area, and an MRI or CT scan should be performed.

Powerful painkillers are helpful for an acute herniated disc; pressure should be taken off of the spinal column. Physical therapy should begin once the acute symptoms have subsided; elastic back bandages are also an established component of therapy.